N-Nitrosomorpholine

N-Nitrosomorpholine (NNM) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic chemical compound that is used in various industrial processes, including the production of rubber, plastics, and pesticides. It is a member of the nitrosamine family of chemicals, which are known to cause cancer in humans and animals. NNM is formed by the reaction of morpholine, a cyclic amine, with nitrite in the presence of acid. The compound is a clear, oily liquid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. It is highly reactive and can easily form adducts with proteins and nucleic acids, which may lead to mutations and cancer. The main route of exposure to NNM is through inhalation or ingestion of contaminated air, water, or food. It can also be absorbed through the skin. Occupational exposure to NNM is a concern for workers in industries that use or produce this compound. Due to its carcinogenic properties, NNM is heavily regulated in many countries. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified NNM as a Group 2A carcinogen, meaning it is probably carcinogenic to humans. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a limit of 0.0002 milligrams per liter for NNM in drinking water. Overall, N-Nitrosomorpholine is a hazardous chemical that should be handled with extreme caution. Its use should be minimized as much as possible to reduce the risk of exposure and cancer.