2,2-Difluoro-2-deoxyuridine

2,2-Difluoro-2-deoxyuridine (DFdU) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue that is used as an antineoplastic agent in cancer treatment. It is a halogenated pyrimidine analogue that is structurally similar to thymidine, which is a component of DNA. DFdU is selectively activated in tumor cells by the enzyme thymidine kinase, which converts it into its active form, 2,2-difluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (dFdUMP). dFdUMP inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which is essential for the synthesis of thymidine, a building block of DNA. This inhibition leads to the depletion of thymidine and the subsequent inhibition of DNA synthesis, ultimately leading to cell death. DFdU is primarily used in the treatment of solid tumors, such as pancreatic, breast, and lung cancer. DFdU is administered intravenously and is typically used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The dosage and duration of treatment are determined by the patient's medical history, overall health, and response to treatment. Side effects of DFdU treatment may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and hair loss. In conclusion, 2,2-Difluoro-2-deoxyuridine is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis in tumor cells. While it may cause side effects, its efficacy in treating solid tumors makes it an important tool in cancer treatment.