2-epi-Ivermectin B1a

2-epi-Ivermectin B1a is a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural macrocyclic lactone ivermectin. It is primarily used as an antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine to treat and prevent infestations of internal and external parasites in livestock such as cattle, sheep, and pigs. The compound is also used in human medicine to treat certain parasitic infections such as onchocerciasis (river blindness) and strongyloidiasis (threadworm infection). Chemically, 2-epi-Ivermectin B1a is a complex molecule with a molecular formula of C48H74O14 and a molecular weight of 875.1 g/mol. It belongs to the avermectin family of compounds, which are characterized by a macrocyclic lactone ring structure and two sugar moieties. The compound works by binding to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in the nervous system of parasites, leading to paralysis and death of the parasites. Like other macrocyclic lactones, 2-epi-Ivermectin B1a has low toxicity in mammals, making it safe for use in animals and humans. However, it can have adverse effects in certain breeds of dogs, particularly collies and related breeds, due to a mutation in the MDR1 gene that affects drug transport in the blood-brain barrier. In summary, 2-epi-Ivermectin B1a is a valuable antiparasitic agent used in both veterinary and human medicine. Its complex chemical structure and mechanism of action make it effective against a wide range of parasites, while its low toxicity profile makes it safe for use in most animals and humans.