4-(Methylnitrosamino-d3)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric Acid

4-(Methylnitrosamino-d3)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric Acid (NNAL-d3) is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of NNAL, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine that is formed from the pyrolysis of nicotine during cigarette smoking. NNAL-d3 is a useful tool for studying the metabolism, distribution, and elimination of NNAL in humans and animals. It is also used as an internal standard in analytical methods for the quantification of NNAL in biological samples. NNAL-d3 is a yellowish powder that is soluble in methanol and acetonitrile. Its molecular formula is C13H10D3N3O3 and its molecular weight is 277.28 g/mol. NNAL-d3 is a potent carcinogen that has been shown to induce lung tumors in rats and mice. Its carcinogenicity is believed to be due to its ability to form DNA adducts, which can lead to mutations and ultimately cancer. In research settings, NNAL-d3 is typically administered to animals or added to cell culture media at various concentrations. Samples are then collected at different time points to measure the amount of NNAL and its metabolites. NNAL-d3 can be detected and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. In summary, NNAL-d3 is a valuable tool for studying the metabolism and carcinogenicity of NNAL, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine that is known to contribute to the development of smoking-related cancers. Its stable isotope label makes it a useful internal standard for analytical methods.