Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin

Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) is a hormone that is extracted from the blood of pregnant mares. It is a complex mixture of proteins that is primarily used in reproductive medicine for inducing ovulation in animals and humans. PMSG is also known as equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and is similar in structure and function to luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in humans. In veterinary medicine, PMSG is commonly used in breeding programs for cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs to stimulate the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries. This leads to an increase in the number of eggs produced, which can improve reproductive efficiency and increase the chances of successful fertilization. In horses, PMSG is used to induce ovulation in mares that are difficult to breed. In humans, PMSG is used in assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer. It is used to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs for retrieval and fertilization in the laboratory. Chemically, PMSG is a glycoprotein hormone that is composed of two subunits (alpha and beta). The molecular weight of PMSG is approximately 32 kDa, and it has a half-life of approximately 24 hours in the body. PMSG is typically administered by injection and has a dose-dependent effect on ovulation and follicular growth. However, as with all medications, there are potential side effects associated with PMSG use, including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple births.